11/7/2023 0 Comments Mental math practice chemistry![]() Neumann János became margittai Neumann János (John Neumann de Margitta), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann. The family had no connection with the town the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was their chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning "of Margitta" (today Marghita, Romania). On February 20, 1913, Emperor Franz Joseph elevated John's father to the Hungarian nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor. John's mother was Kann Margit (English: Margaret Kann) her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels of the Meisels family. Miksa's father and grandfather were both born in Ond (now part of the town of Szerencs), Zemplén County, northern Hungary. He had moved to Budapest from Pécs at the end of the 1880s. His father, Neumann Miksa (Max von Neumann, 1873–1928) was a banker, who held a doctorate in law. He was the eldest of three brothers his two younger siblings were Mihály (English: Michael von Neumann 1907–1989) and Miklós (Nicholas von Neumann, 1911–2011). In Hungarian, the family name comes first, and his given names are equivalent to John Louis in English. His Hungarian birth name was Neumann János Lajos. Von Neumann was born in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary (which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), on December 28, 1903, to a wealthy, acculturated, and non-observant Jewish family. ![]() Accolades he received range from the Medal of Freedom to a crater on the Moon named in his honor. Von Neumann's contributions and intellectual ability drew praise from colleagues in physics, mathematics, and beyond. He designed and promoted the policy of mutually assured destruction to limit the arms race. At that time he was considered the nation's foremost expert on nuclear weaponry and the leading defense scientist at the Pentagon. He played a key role alongside Bernard Schriever and Trevor Gardner in the design and development of the United States' first ICBM programs. He was also a member of the influential Atomic Energy Commission in charge of all atomic energy development in the country. At the peak of his influence in the 1950s, he chaired a number of Defense Department committees including the Strategic Missile Evaluation Committee and the ICBM Scientific Advisory Committee. Before and after the war, he consulted for many organizations including the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. ![]() He developed the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon. His analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA.ĭuring World War II, von Neumann worked on the Manhattan Project on nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb. He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics in the development of functional analysis, the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. ![]() He had perhaps the widest coverage of any mathematician of his time, integrating pure and applied sciences and making major contributions to many fields, including mathematics, physics, economics, computing, and statistics. John von Neumann ( / v ɒ n ˈ n ɔɪ m ən/ von NOY-mən Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath.
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